Causes of Guilt Essay Example For Students

Reasons for Guilt Essay What causes blame? There are numerous things in life that cause blame. A portion of those things are; fouling up, lying, and cheating. A unique little something is the point at which somebody accomplishes something he or should do. A model would be smoking or drinking. In the event that somebody were brought up in a Christian home and realized that it wasn't right to smoke and drink yet went to a gathering and did it in any case, that may cause some blame in his life. He realized that is wasn't right to smoke and drink, yet he decide to do it in any case. Ideally, he WOULD feel regretful about what he did and he could never accomplish something so moronic again. The second thing that causes blame is lying. Lying obliges doing things that one knows aren't right. At the point when somebody does things that aren't right, he may feel that he needs to fire deceiving conceal for what he did. Lying is something that can pulverize a people existence with companions, family and God. At the point when an individual falsehoods, it just keeps developing; and that one little harmless embellishment turns into an enormous massive untruth that won't leave until he admits what he lied about. The third thing that causes blame is cheating. There are numerous methods of cheating; yet in Gods eyes, cheating will be cheating! Generally when individuals consider cheating, they consider tests, tests or perhaps straightforward schoolwork assignments. Cheating isn't just school-related. A case of tricking ones self would be; on the off chance that somebody were on a tight eating routine and her companions knew it, however when they were not looking she stuffed a couple of treats in her mouth. This doesn't generally appear cheating, yet as it were it is. At the point when somebody does this kind of act, the person in question starts to feel remorseful for cheating. Regardless of how individuals do things they know aren't right or cheat or even falsehood, God sees all. He knows their hearts and how they feel. He can cause them to feel blameworthy for the transgressions that they have submitted, and ideally every one will admit those wrongdoings and not feel remorseful any longer!

External Administrator and Fundraising-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Advise Bob, Brad and Mary concerning their choices under the outside organization systems under the Corporations Act. 2.Advise United Industries Ltd on the legitimate issues emerging out of these realities, refering to ful l expert for your answer. Answers: 1.External Administration 1.The arrangement of the External Administration is a significant term in the Corporation Act. At times it has been seen that the organization has neglected to pay the cash to the investors or unfit to meet the obligations. This position can be portrayed as the monetary challenges. This circumstance will lead the organization towards bankruptcy or liquidation. Outer managers are named to survey the advantages of the organization. The Corporation Act 2001 directs the arrangement of the outside organization. Outer organization can be isolated into three sections organization, receivership and liquidation. Loan bosses are engaging if there should arise an occurrence of outside organization. There are two sorts of outer organization, for example, the willful organization and the automatic organization. Intentional organization happens when the executive of the organization without anyone else settled on named director. At the point when the other authority chooses overseer, it will be treated as automatic heads. Outer heads are delegated when an organization become wiped out or neglected to pay the obligation to its investors. The fundamental goal of this component is to exchange the organization out of the difficulty. Nonetheless, if the overseers couldn't expel the difficulty, the chairman with respect to the quick liquidation will make an endeavor. In the current case, it has been seen that the organization named Coco Pty Ltd had neglected to reimburse all the obligations and it has been seen that the organization had neglected to take care of the tabs moreover. The incomes of the organization have likewise constrained to increment due to the non-installment of the cash. Another issue with respect to the organization has been sprung up when the workers of the organization has been begun fomentation for the climb of installment. It has likewise been seen that East bank Ltd had taken steps to designate recipient to handle the issue if the organization proceeds to non-reimbursement of obligations and the month to month enthusiasm of the bank. As per segment 435A of the Corporation Act, the procedure of outer organization encourages the organization to pay the obligations without wrapping up the organization. be that as it may, if there is no other decision with the exception of liquidation, following procedure will follow the arra ngement of segment 461 (1) (k) of the Corporation Act 2001. Thinking about the realities of the case, it very well may be expressed that the overseeing executives of the organization can settled on the arrangement of intentional directors for this situation. The fundamental explanation of the equivalent is that the money related state of the organization isn't acceptable. It has been seen that the organization has neglected to meet the base financial prerequisites and the representatives of the organization are not getting their compensation in time. The incomes of the organization have additionally been expanded as the organization had consistently neglected to pay the obligations in time. The executive will survey the obligations prerequisite of the organization and afterward sell or exchange the obligations and pay the obligations. The result impact of the liquidation is the breeze up. In any case, it very well may be expressed that deregistration isn't the main arrangement for this situation. The organization can improve its condition if exchange can be created in the middle of the executives and the loan bosses. 2.Fundraising: For this situation, it has been seen that the United Industries Corporation Ltd has given certain offers for the advancement of their lodging business and it has been seen that they had made certain vows to the investors and got cash from Bob Broke. On the resulting occasion, it has been seen that the bookkeeper of the lodging organization has given off base data and exaggerated the benefits of the organization. it has likewise been discovered that the Liquor permit of the inn is additionally pending before the State Licensing Board. In this manner, they had incapable to serve alcohol to the client and neglected to pick up benefit. Thusly, numerous financial specialists had lost their cash. Certain legitimate issues are sprung up for this situation. Part 6D of the Corporation Act manages the protections section and incorporates offers and debentures. The guarantee made by the organization to the financial specialists isn't finished in nature. Much data have been covered up and bogus assertion has been given to the speculators. This demonstration draws in the arrangement of area 267 of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth). It has been seen that the overseeing chief of the organization had offered to purchase the portion of his organization to Bob under area 700 (2) and Bob had acknowledged the offer. Accordingly, it very well may be said that agreement has been made in the middle of the them. In this way, if any of the announcement of the agreement held bogus, the other party has full option to drop or end the provisions of the agreement. Other than that, the imperfect records of the Hotel Company had pulled in the arrangement of segment 728 of the Corporation Act. Sway can submit question before the Australian Security and Investments Commission. He may request unveiling the record and make an application under area 718 of the Corporation Act 2001.

Master Data Management Definition, Principles, Common Mistakes, Examples

Master Data Management Definition, Principles, Common Mistakes, Examples Your business runs on data i.e. if you have realized it. You may however not have moved to making decision using data. Maybe you still rely on general knowledge to make day-to-day decisions.Maybe you think you don’t have enough data to use for decision making.You think that only big corporations are the ones who have this opportunity.If you are proactive, you have started looking at externally-available data to supplement your lack.Externally sourced data can include economic projections, market analyses, population data etc.although these are equally important, the most important data is the one already in the hands of your business.TYPES OF DATAAs long as your business has existed for some time, even 6 months, and has done some transactions, it has data. This is basically what defines the business and its processes.For the purposes of Master Data Management, we will talk about the data referred to as Master Data.This is quite different from the normal data which forms daily trans actions.Master Data is the core data which does not change quickly. It is the data which is essential for operations in your business as well as analytical decision making.Although different businesses will have different types of master data, the below can be found in most of them.Customer DataYou might view this as the most important of all data.Such a conclusion can be based on the fact that your customers make the business stand and thrive.Customers are easily seen as the major players in a business.These are the people other businesses are competing against you to get. The more customers your business has, the bigger the market share you’ll have. The bigger the market share, the more the profits.Customer data may include customer name, contact details, date of birth, shopping trends etc.Sales DataCustomers bring about sales. They like your product or service and they buy. The data about those sales are also key in your business.There is a close connection between sales data a nd customer data. The shopping trends contained in customer data are more or less the same as sales data.However, sales data can take on a more detailed nature.The details under sales data may include invoice number, invoice date, delivery note number, quantity sold, sale amount etc.Product DataAnywhere there are sales, there must be products. If your business provides services, this can be services data.Your products are what get transferred to customers and the transaction becomes a sale.Product data serves manufacturers very well.For them, this can include dimensions, weight, color, packaging quantity, batch number, production date, expiry date etc.Employee DataDespite the customer and sales data being very important, your employee data is also critical. Your employees are really the ones keeping the company wheels rolling.This can be well seen in the customer service, marketing and sales departments.The people who interact with the customers are the ones who make them customers in the first place.Otherwise, you could be talking about leads.Employee data can include employment date, date of birth, leave days, salary information, department name etc.Asset DataAssets are easily recognizable as the hardware of the business. Land, buildings, computers and the like, can be quickly referred to when talking about assets.But apart from these, more examples of assets can include “non-hardware” materials. These can include cash, shares in other companies and debtors.Data about the tangible assets can include year of purchase, purchase amount, depreciation rate etc.Types of data can vary widely. Any part of a business can have data about it captured in one way or another.And this is the data that is very valuable to your business.MASTER DATA MANAGEMENTSince there is a lot of data to be handled and utilized for your business to grow, there comes a need to manage it.The management of data is nothing really new or difficult. For many years, business have been using s preadsheet applications to manage their data.But data management was never easy using those applications.When everyone is having the data they need in their computers and share it through email, efficiency is greatly reduced.More than that, one department’s data may not be the same as another department’s.This can happen even when both sets of data are about a similar part of the business.Problem ScenarioFor example, the sales department may have the updated address of a customer. They may email this to the dispatch department for deliveries to the right address.But finance may not have the same information.When it comes to billing, the invoice may be sent to the wrong address.This will make collections problematic and your business loses in resources and time.Master Data Management definedThe above scenario is quite common in large organizations. It can also be experienced in small but busy companies where everyone is busy doing their job.This is where Master Data Management (M DM) comes in. Source: OpenPRAs the name implies, MDM is an implementation of a business-wide system where everyone gets their information from the same place.A central repository is created and all requests for data are satisfied from that one point.For this to work, the data will have to come from the individual employees and departments.The system will however integrate the individual departments so that changes made by one person reflects in the system. This way, anyone seeking the information from the system gets the updated version.Let’s look at this using the example scenario above. The sales team interacts with the customer and receives an update about her new address.When this change is updated in the system, it is reflected across the entire system.When the dispatch team looks up the address from the system, what they get is the new address.Similarly, when finance is billing, what they get from the system is the new address.This is the essence of an MDM system.PRINCIPLES OF MASTER DATA MANAGEMENTThat may sound great, making you see immediately the need for your business to embrace it. Or if you are an IT manager, you already see the benefit of providing such a solution to your company.But the success of an MDM solution is never automatic. There are decisions to be made and major considerations which influence the decisions.To help you appreciate the fullness of an MDM solution, we will look at the principles guiding a successful implementation.Then we will go through some common mistakes many businesses make so you know what pitfalls to avoid.Lastly, you will see some real-life examples of how MDM works. The examples provided are an everyday part of life.But from what you will have learned by then, you will appreciate the effort that went into making those examples work.Data IntegrityThe output of any system is only as good as its input. If you put in the right thing, you get the right thing. It is this accuracy that is referred to as data integrity.As you have se en, and going by the very name of the topic, data is at the center of MDM.And if the data which is relied upon by all the departments is inaccurate, then everyone suffers.As mentioned at the beginning, data is needed to make the right decisions. This is mainly facilitated by report generation. The system will generate reports based on the data it has been fed with.The system may for example indicate that there are 480 pieces of the product which you sell. You may then decide to reduce production so as to avoid overproduction.This is a business decision which has obvious implications.On the ground, you may have 400 pieces and not 480. If you sell 370 pieces then get an order for 100 more, you may think that you have the stock for it. And this is where the problem will come in.You may either think that stock has been lost or find out that the wrong data was entered. Your order may be delayed as you restart production.The customer may also become inconvenienced because of the delayed d elivery. This is a clear demonstration of the importance of accuracy in data entry.In the same way, MDM is affected by such mistakes.This is why data integrity is a must. When building the repository, the data must be checked for accuracy and consistency.Where variations are found, the correct version should be identified and used.Data GovernanceClosely related to data integrity is data governance. Data governance is simply the act of ensuring continued data integrity.Data governance is concerned with the integrity of all the data that is entered into the system well after the MDM solution is in place. Data governance is usually implemented as a program.That however does not make it an external part of the process.Data governance is basically the maintenance of the system. It comes with rules determining the format in which the data is to be in, the process to be followed and in some cases, even the frequency of data entry.These are rules which are set to uniquely fit individual nee ds. If your company is constantly adding new types of products, then you can remove the restrictions accordingly.But certain types of data, for example under the finance department, should ideally have restrictions. For example, if there are no restrictions, an employee could create fictitious company accounts.These can be used to channel payments for non-existent transactions.Change Management and AccountabilityThe data in the system is never completely unchanging.There will be instances when changes need to be made. The customer address scenario above is a good example.But that doesn’t mean that data changes can be done by just anyone at any time. Accountability must be enforced to protect the integrity of the system.Ideally, there should be one person in every department who is mandated with the role of making changes. This helps in ensuring that the number of people accessing the core of the system are reduced.For example, you might have 5 sales representatives who go to the f ield. If one gets an update about a customer’s information, he should pass it on to another staff who has the system rights to make the changes.In the right implementation, each one of these employees could have a view of the customer data. But their limited rights should not enable them to make changes.AuditabilityAudits should not only happen in the finance department, but also on the MDM system. Auditability in this case refers mainly to the proof of the processes followed while making changes into the system.If for example a new company is to be created in the system, there should be an approval process followed. If a customer is to be created, there should be an approval granted for the same.This will provide the records to show what exactly happens behind the scenes.For auditability to work, data governance has to be in place. With the rules set for new data and data changes, the integrity of the whole system can be maintained.This then guarantees the correctness of the repo rts which are generated by the system.COMMON MISTAKES IN MASTER DATA MANAGEMENTThe implementation of a Master Data Management solution is never an easy one. This is usually work which involves many people and the project itself needs to be managed well.Many failures come from challenges which can be traced down to the people involved. In most cases, these people are the staff where the MDM solution is being implemented.Here are some of the common mistakes in MDM implementation.Ignoring Data QualityThe need for accurate data to be entered into the MDM system cannot be overemphasized. Data is key to business growth and MDM is all about managing that data.As you clean up data through checks and confirmations where necessary, you lay the foundation of a strong system. When this is ignored, then you have a disaster waiting to happen.Ignoring data quality happens mostly due to the rush to implement the solution. You may embrace MDM because you have seen the need for it.But that does not m ean that you should hurriedly implement it.Though desiring to solve the problem as soon as possible, rushing will only set you up for big problems later. Problems which can be loss-causing.Lack of Data GovernanceOnce you have ensured the data is clean, the standard has to be maintained. The clean data must be protected by rules and policies. These should determine who can do what, when and to what extent.This is the realm of data governance. The people working in data governance are called data stewards. Their job is to ensure data quality is maintained.Accuracy should always be a guarantee if at all the system is to provide the expected results.The Silo Mentality in Data GovernanceData governance often suffers from the silo mentality. Just as the business can suffer from this at a corporate level, so can the MDM system.The silo mentality is a description of the situation whereby a business unit works independently of the other units. This is very common in large organizations where there are no deliberate efforts to keep everyone moving together. Source: MarketoonistIn the MDM context, this becomes a reality when one department always abides by the rules of data governance.They make changes accordingly and follow the right processes. All the data coming from that source is always accurate.The other departments may not be doing the same thing. One common excuse is that the staff are busy. Too busy to follow the right procedures.At times, even too busy to input the data they need to input into the system.Whereas the cooperative department can enjoy accurate reports coming from their data, the others one will not.They will not be able to depend on system reports since they know the data is not accurate. The work may pend and become an unmanageable pile.Yet that’s not all. Since the cooperative department is not a company on its own, they’ll need data from the others.The data coming from the other departments or business units will eventually affect an aspect of this particular department’s work.This will lead to the MDM so lution being rejected because apparently, it is not working. Or it has just worsened the situation.It is important that you work towards breaking the silo mentality.Assuming That Data Governance is an IT JobMany employees assume that because MDM is a technical solution, then data governance is an IT job.They reason that their role is to produce, or sell, or work on finances etc, according to the department they are in.But what is rarely realized is that the IT department doesn’t create any data.As such, it cannot know what is accurate and what is not. For example, from the scenario we’ve used in this article, how could IT know that the customer changed his address? IT doesn’t even have the customer’s contacts to confirm.Every department should embrace the system and own it. They should also take responsibility of the portions of the system which they are required to work on.Seeking to Implement MDM in a Single PhaseMDM implementation is not a solution to be implemented at on ce. Such a move will be too costly in many ways. The project will therefore not prove profitable and is likely to be rejected at a very early stage.One reason for this outcome is that the process will be tiring for the employees.For success, there are many things to be done. All employees have to be involved from the beginning so as to understand the data needs of everyone. Training is also a must.When implementation is being done in one phase, there will be a lot of work to be done.The staff will have to make adjustments to their daily routines.At the same time, not many people are able to quickly adapt to a new system.The employees will start withdrawing and their interest will wane. The whole process will then be seen to be a burden instead of a solution. This is avoided by splitting the implementation of the project into phases.When you work in phases, you also get an opportunity to use the installed phase and measure the benefits.Once you see how your Return On Investment can c ome about in the future, you can invest into the rest of the phases.Neglecting Data SecurityMaster Data Management is all about data and data is at the core of every business.All over the world, the target of many cyberattacks is business data. And these attacks are coming in the form of ransomware attacks.When your data is captured, you may not know what might come.When the attackers ask for money, you are likely to pay up because you know the value of your data.In any case, your production might as well have stopped since the system is hijacked..Just think of the damage your business could experience if your data was to be released into the public.What would happen when your competitors knew how much you bought your raw materials and from who? What if they knew the chemicals you use to make your products as durable as they are? Or maybe they get access to the email correspondence of senior executives with your business strategy details?Any of these situations could pose a threat t o your business.Securing your data is as important as having a PIN for your debit and credit cards. It is as important as keeping your windows rolled up when your car is parked.You have to set your system with security policies and create users who have defined roles. No two roles should overlap so that accountability can be guaranteed.Not everyone needs the access rights to all data. In some cases, staff can view but not change the data records.You should also train your employees on securing their computers. They should use strong passwords and avoid using their smartphones to work.This is unless they have taken measures to safeguard the data contained in their phones.EXAMPLES OF MDM IMPLEMENTATIONSWith all that theory, let’s look at how an MDM implementation looks like.Large organizations implement MDM at a larger scale and can have challenges which differ from small organizations.Still, there are success stories in your daily life which you have certainly interacted with.Onlin e Marketing SystemsYou have definitely done some online shopping. If not, you at least are aware of Amazon.As a customer however, you may not understand how everything happens behind the scenes.You may buy some books and after a few days, you get an email informing you about another book tackling a similar subject. Upon visiting the website, you see other books of related subjects and you’re interested in buying.A big part of this is marketing.However, the real power lies in the data available to the system. Although much of it happens automatically, the process is quite simple.Your first visit was tracked and information fed into the system. Your purchase was used to determine what other products could attract your attention. You got the communication and ended up buying more.Transfer this to a brick and mortar store. What you have is an active salesperson engaging you. He helps you make a buying decision and leads you to the cashier (finance department) to pay. Your details as f ound in the system were then used to deliver the product (deliveries department) to your home.The information you gave the sales person while registering was used to create an account (customer relationship department) with all the relevant details.After the purchase, the marketing department didn’t need to ask the sales team anything about you.They access the system and get fresh data about a new customer. They relate your purchase to other products and send you an email using the provided address.So the sales, finance, delivery and marketing departments got what they needed from the same place.Phonebook Application SystemYour smartphone has another good example of an MDM solution.This is implemented in your phonebook application. Your phonebook can store all the necessary information about a contact.These can include names, email address, different phone numbers etc.You also have an email program in your phone. From it, you can create addresses.But you don’t really need to. If you are sending an email to someone in your phonebook, you can get their address from there. This removes the need for creating a contact twice.That same information entered into your phonebook is utilized by the messaging app. And other downloaded programs e.g. WhatsApp will also make use of the same information.Can you imagine what would happen if you needed to create contacts for all these programs? That would be too much duplication.That would really slow you down. You could also have an updated contact on one program while the others contain wrong details.Such is the benefit of having an MDM system in place.CONCLUSIONMaster Data Management is a solution which is needed in every business. If you want to make the right decisions in your business, utilize data.And for the effective utilization of data, work on having an MDM system in place.

Animal Experimentation And The Early Greek Era - 1716 Words

Yuritza Vargas-Gomez Ms. Thomas ENC 1101 9 November 2015 Animal Experimentation: We Owe It to Them Animal Experimentation has been dated as far back as to the Early Greek Era. This practice has been viewed as ethical by research scientists trying to find new medical breakthroughs. Yet, in recent years, the use of animals in research and experimentation has been frowned upon by animal protection groups and animal rights activists. Animals are protected by certain guidelines and ethics prior to their use in research. Contrary to popular belief, animal experimentation should be viewed on a positive note, due to the fact that it can benefit human life, reduce adverse effects on humans, and the cost is cheaper and easier. Before jumping into the whole justification of animal experimentation, it’s important to examine the rights and guidelines that protect the animal itself. Although there may be different guidelines for different animals, the following were created by the American Psychological Association (APA). According to the APA, th e first guideline goes to explain that research should be â€Å"undertaken with a clear specific purpose.† The research must come to a reasonable expectation such as increasing the understanding of the animals under study, or providing outcomes that will have an impact on â€Å"the health,† or well-being of individuals or other creatures. The drive of this study ought to â€Å"ensure a significance to prove the use of nonhuman animals.† Whoever theShow MoreRelated Art of the Ages Essay736 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The main focus of art from the Early Middle Ages to the Renaissance period involved fundamental changes in the way individuals viewed their world. A central element of the Renaissance was the rediscovery of ancient world of Greece and Rome. 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Analysis Of Kafka s The Transformation And The...

In one of his letters to longtime friend Max Brod, Franz Kafka stated, â€Å"I usually solve problems by letting them devour me.† Perhaps it is from this close examination and complete immersion into the issues of his own life that such brilliant writing emerges. In writing, Kafka is able to express what he repressed in his life—specifically his difficulties with his father, through the themes of gender and patriarchal power derived from one’s sexuality. In â€Å"The Transformation† and â€Å"The Judgment†, Kafka explores the difficulties within the role of the family patriarch, from troubles in obtaining unwanted power to legitimately being empowered. Kafka’s â€Å"The Transformation† begins with, â€Å"When Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from troubled dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a monstrous insect† (Kafka 76). The latter is stated simply, as if Gregor’s transformation into an insect is nothing mo re than an ordinary event of the day’s happenings. But as Gregor continues his life in this new form, it seems that in his bodily cage of an insect he finds freedom from the familial responsibilities of the human world. Within the exposition of the plot it is made evident that Gregor’s family is completely dependent on him. Gregor states, â€Å"If I didn’t have to hold back for the sake of my parents I’d have handed in my notice long since†¦once I’ve got the money together to pay back what my parents owe him†¦I’ll make a clean break† (77). Because of his parents’ debt, Gregor isShow MoreRelatedThe Ideologies Of His Works Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagesnot voice his ideologies on the Slavic culture, Jewish existence, and bureaucratic system ; however, he still managed to mirror his perceptions of his society in his works. Kafka was born on July 3,1883 and raised in Prague, Bohemia. In the 1900s, societies structured their family through the patriarchal system. Franz Kafka was the first born of six children, consequently, forcing him to shoulder most of the responsibilities and discipline that come with being an eldest child. Kafka’s father inRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead M oreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 Pagesgraphics contained herein could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically added to the information herein. Microsoft and/or its respective suppliers may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described herein at any time. Partial screen shots may be viewed in full within the software version specified. Microsoft ® and Windows ®, and Microsoft Office ® are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the U.S.A. and other

Red Scare Free Essays

string(53) " now being destroyed by the Wobblies and Socialists\." It was November 18, 1918, the day WWI had officially ended. The last cry of help had been heard and peace was supposedly coming to the United States or it had seemed. An ideological war which prompted mass paranoia had caused, among many other things, what would be known as the Red Scare (****). We will write a custom essay sample on Red Scare or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Red Scare was the label given to the actions of legislation, the race riots, and the hatred and persecution of â€Å"subversives† and conscientious objectors during that period of time. The purpose of this research is to explore the threat that plagued the United States in its’ time of great panic and anxiety, during the â€Å"first† Red Scare which lasted between 1919 to 1921. This powerful threat turned out to be Communism and it was greatly feared by almost every U. S. citizen. Communism is â€Å"system of social and economic organization in which property is owned by the state group, to be shared in common or to be disturbed among members of the community equally or in proportion to their respective needs. In 1919, no more than one-tenth of the adult American population belonged to the newly formed communist movement, and even this small percentage were greatly persecuted. After the real war ended in 1918, the ideological war, turned against conscientious objectors and other radical minorities such as Wobblies, who were members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and also Socialists. It was thought that the Wobblies and the Socialists were trying to overthrow the United States government. Wobblies, were persecuted against for speaking out against the capitalist system. Most of what they said, was only to attract attention, but it was taken seriously by the government. From the very beginning of the Red Scare, the Wobblies were attacked by the government because they were a symbol of radicalism. The government placed legislation not only against the Wobblies but also against Socialists and Communists. In 1917, the US government made a law which gave the Secretary of Labor the power to arrest or deport any alien advocating or teaching destruction of property or the overthrow of government by force. The government used deportation as a cure for the antigovernment views of its enemies. The unfair legislation passed by the government, everything was soon to become a disaster. All that everyone needed was for someone to take advantage of the anti-radical legislation and that is what Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer did in the years 1919-1920. Palmer deported members of the IWW. His Palmer raids had two main targets, which were the Communist Party and the Communist Labor Party. These two groups grew out of the IWW and the largest of the three, the Socialist Party of America, had split because of a dilemma over World War I. The Palmer Raids were attempts by the United States Department of Justice to arrest and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the United States. The raids and arrests occurred in November 1919 and January 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer. Though more than 500 foreign citizens were deported, including a number of prominent leftist leaders, Palmer’s efforts were largely frustrated by officials at the U. S. Department of Labor who had responsibility for deportations and who objected to Palmer’s methods. Once Europe entered the war, the split occurred; this break up hurt the Socialist party and many who were not Socialists opposed the draft, but the party was the point of opposition. These people became targets for attack by American nationalists and the American government; members were lynched and important Socialist documents were burned. One Friday, January 2, 1920 to be exact, agents from the Department of Justice raided a Communist hideout and began arresting thousands of people in major American cities throughout the nation. They raided people who stayed in private homes, clubs, pool halls and coffee shops. The raiding got so hectic that in many places that they started arresting citizens and aliens, Communists and non-Communists. Destruction of meeting halls and property began as well and along with putting their victims in prison, agents held them without an attorney and interrogated them. Prisoners were released a few days later unless they were members of the Communist Party or the Communist Labor Party. These two groups were formed from the American Communist movement and in only two days nearly five thousand people were arrested. Nearly five thousand were seized in the cleaning up that followed during the next two weeks. The arrests were carried out with total disregard for the rights of the prisoners. At this point and time Americans during this time were continuously on the verge of attacking anyone who wasn’t â€Å"American†. These people were extremely patriotic and ready to rid their nation of any intruder that seemed to threaten them, mainly the minorities whom they were very hostile with. Palmer wasn’t the cruelest or the most extreme of these anti-radicals. Senator Kenneth McKellen of Tennessee went so far as to propose sending all native-born radicals to a special penal colony on the island of Guam. Liberal journalist tried to mock Palmer in many different ways. In some occasions they would compare his actions to the shaving of a dogs hair and how by this it would promote growth in the society. Palmer ignored the journalist, and frankly he didn’t care what they said about him and his actions. He still went on with all his raids. On December 27, around 250 deportees sailed for Russia from New York ion the U. S. S. Buford. On Friday, January 2, 1920, agents of the Justice department raided a Communist headquarters and began to arrest thousands of people all throughout the cities. In a period of two days, 5000 people were arrested and 1000 jailed. There was no reason for this doing and the treatment the prisoners got was unacceptable. The peace and security of the American nation was now being destroyed by the Wobblies and Socialists. You read "Red Scare" in category "Papers" The attacks were now focused on them, not anymore on the objectors. They were targeted by the use of the Espionage Act of 1918. â€Å"This act penalized anyone who obstructed the operation of the armed forces, or displayed disloyalty within the forces. The Justice Department convicted more than 1000 people. Surely among this number were a large number of Socialists and Wobblies. The Espionage Act was not the only law that was made by legislators to discriminate against antiwar groups. In October 1918, Congress passed the Alien Act, which gave the Secretary of Labor the power to deport any alien who, at any time after entering the United States, is found to have been at the time of entry, or to have become thereafter a member of any anarchist organization. This gave Palmer the authority to conduct his raids, during which thousands of people were arrested and detained without actually having been charged. Many tries to repeal the legislation, many Socialists became prominent figures due to their attempts to gain release for their imprisoned friends. The government had formulated and put into effect their plan to rid the country of unwanted foreign radicals, but the problem remained as what to do with those radicals were citizens of the United States. This was not to go unanswered for long, however. America was now in a state of disturbed peace and could not calm down until it rids its country of its disruptions. In the Fall of 1918, The Russian Revolution occurred and may also contribute to America’s unrest. Out of nowhere in an extremely violent manner, the Communists citizens took control of the Russian government and murdered the Tsar and his entire family along with thousands of â€Å"nonconforming† Russians. Communism was established on the political philosophy of Karl Marx and was dedicated to establishing a society where there is no private ownership of property and where the government would control the making and distribution of all goods. Karl Heinrich Marx (German pronunciation: [ka l ? ha? n c ? ma ks], 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was aPrussian-German philosopher and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the establishment of the social sciences and the development of the socialist movement. Marx’s work in economics laid the basis for our understanding of labor and its relation to capital, and has influenced much of subsequent economic thought. [4][5][6][7] He published numerous books during his lifetime, the most notable being The Communist Manifesto (1848) and Capital (1867–1894). Due to the horrible misconduct and the overthrow of government, Americans began to panic. If it could happen in Russia, why couldn’t it happen here? No plot to overthrow the government was ever uncovered. Yet, it was the paranoid fear of Communists that drove many Americans to violence. Another reason for the Red Scare was the strike held by mine workers. They were thought to be making threats against the Capitalist system through subversive Socialist organizations. These strikes were part of a series of events which took place in 1919. This strike, which occurred in February, was of 60,000 coal mine workers. In that September, steel workers attacked. Of course the blame was put upon the American Communists, although many communists tried to oppose this strike. Nationalist Americans called for the stop of the Bolshevik Revolution that was taking place in America. This panic traveling through the United States, made a series of bombs occur. Immediately the Socialist were accused. Attorney General Palmer took advantage of the panic of the public and asked Congress for fund appropriations to help avoid further danger. Congress not only supplied funds, but made sure that all foreign radicals were deported. This plan went very well, but then the government didn’t know what to do when the radicals were US citizens. During my research of this this topic, I have learned a number of things. First of all, America was caught in a web of fear and conspiracy. No one could trust his neighbor or his father for fear that he was involved in the Communist movement. Americans were not happy with their government at this time, but this didn’t mean that they wanted Communism as an option. Hyphenated Americans were particularly suspected. I have also learned that although Communism might have caused a lot of panic, no plot of Communism was ever found to be true. However, just because nothing was found doesn’t mean that there wasn’t anything to be found. America was extremely prejudiced toward anyone who wasn’t a â€Å"pure American†. The Red Scare provided Americans with a scapegoat, now that we were no longer fighting the Germans. People really believed that Communists were everywhere and were plotting to overthrow the government. Citizens were now being treated like the women who were accused of being witches in the Salem Witch Trials. It didn’t matter if you were or we’re not a Communist if someone accused you of being one. You were branded for most of your life. The biggest fear on people’s minds was a communism takeover. People thought that Russia was going to cause an internal revolution within the US that would eventually end up removing the democratic government and replacing it with a dictator and communist government. The thought of Russia even attempting to do an attack was foolish from the beginning. America was also happy with its democratic government and was sure that they would have defeated the revolution. This is why America never had any true reason to fear a communist takeover occurring in the United States. The entire Red Scare was meant to keep communism out, and the main reason they wanted to do that is so they could remain free. â€Å"On the evening of Monday, December 29,1919, members of the Central Executive Committee of Buffalo’s Communist party gathered for a meeting in party headquarters in the second floor of the Teck Theater on Main Street. At about 9:30 p. m. , thirty police officers climbed the building’s front and rear staircases, and the fire escape, forced open the doors of the meeting hall and burst in. As the party members stood quietly and watched, the police confiscated party records, including a membership list, communist pamphlets, hundreds of copies of the manifesto of the Communist party of America, a small printing press, a mimeograph machine and two typewriters. Then the police arrested twenty-two party members and locked most of them up in the third precinct police station on Pearl Street. Working through the night, police raided the homes of other party leaders, picking up George Till at 1:00 a. m. , and Christopher Keegan at 2:00 a. m. Raiders aroused Franklin Brill from sleep at his Williamsville home and brought him before District Attorney Guy Moore at 3:00 a. m. † The Committee commonly known as the Lusk Committee, after its chairman State Senator Clayton R. Lusk of Cortland—had been established in March 1919 to investigate individuals and organizations suspected or promoting the overthrow of the United States government. The raids in November, December, and early January were the culmination of months of activity that had left the country in general, and Buffalo in particular, in a state of panic. On April 28, there was a bomb found in the mail of Seattle’s outspoken mayor, Ole Hanson. Another bomb was found, exploded and blew the hands off a Georgia senator’s maid. One time a New York postal clerk found sixteen more bombs that had not been sent due to a plethora of insufficient postage. Not even a month later after the April 28th bomb scare, another bomb destroyed the front of the home of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer in Washington. May Day riots occurred in several major U. S. cities, summer race riots in others and even rhe the Boston Police strike in September, followed by the nationwide steel strike and coal strike heightened animosity against socialists and radicals who were already held to be pariahs because of their pacifist stance during World War I. In June 1919, New York state officials raided the Rand School of Social Science in New York, as well as the headquarters of the I. W. W. along with the Socialists. This raids were created by the New York legislature action that created the Lusk Committee. The idea behind this committee was anit-radical, and it’s tactics spread nationwide very quickly. Even with the legislation in place, Attorney General Palmer complained that not enough was being done to deportees. Even though after the Red Scare, he argued for the release of a Socialist that was imprisoned during the Scare and during it he helped convict many. In August of 1919, Palmer created an intelligence department to deal with problems that originated with anarchists. He appointed J. Edgar Hoover to lead the new agency. One of the first assignments of this agency was to raid The Union of Russian Workers in New York. The Red Scare finally came to an end after a series of actions by high government officials. Assistant Secretary of Labor Louis F. Post began to reject most of the immigrant related cases that were brought to him. Even the Secretary of Labor himself, William B. Wilson turned against Palmer. Out of 6,000 warrants issued during the raids, less than 1,000 resulted in deportations. Even though everyone opposed his actions, he still had the dream of running for president. But He was never nominated. By 1920, the Red Scare, was disappearing and by 1921 it was virtually gone. The hysterical anti-radical outbreak in 1919 and 1920 was relatively short-lived but that it left its mark on immigration policy, labor relations, and Constitutional liberties that lasted for generations. Higham argues that the Scare grew out of a fear that a huge part of the American population during World War I derived from enemy territory How to cite Red Scare, Papers

P.S. I Love You Review Essay Example

P.S. I Love You Review Paper Essay on P.S. I Love You I confess, opening this book, I was afraid that it would look like a movie: he, contrary to my zhruzey, I did not like, and from the first shots. There was in him no love, no heat, no piercing pain of loss all the things that I found later in the book So, the story is known to all:. Holly loses her husband and voluntarily locks himself within four walls, in order to live the memory of Jerry lost the sense of her life. And then she gets a box of his letters -. Marked months of instructions to resolve the impasse of life The book I liked its simple fact that the events described could happen to anybody. Any of us could be in place of holly and would have felt the same as she. Yes, it is a novel about love and romance that, even after losing most goavnoe in life, do not bury yourself alive . No matter what happens, life goes on, and it is not necessary to resist its course. Yes, do not forget, but that does not mean that you should live only loss. The world is beautiful, and the need to reopen it his soul We will write a custom essay sample on P.S. I Love You Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on P.S. I Love You Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on P.S. I Love You Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In my opinion, this book -. A great benefit to overcome depression and rethink their relationship to reality And it Holly changes his. life, doing something that before did not dare to take at least a career change. And, as it turned out, not in vain. Indeed, it is not necessary to be afraid, you need to try. Keep the past and enjoy the present PS:. Thanks to this trash as it is called, the book, I began to think, not whether to risk and I change something in my life, too, aims at the moon . Yes, the language is simple but it is a book about the life of ordinary people, who in their daily lives do not express themselves literary language classics. But precisely because of this language, this simple dialogue that can be heard in reality, the book seems sincere, real. Whether it has more psychology / philosophy, the analysis would be more slodny, ornate language, I would have taken it quite differently. P.S. I Love You Review Essay Example P.S. I Love You Review Paper Essay on P.S. I Love You I confess, opening this book, I was afraid that it would look like a movie: he, contrary to my zhruzey, I did not like, and from the first shots. There was in him no love, no heat, no piercing pain of loss all the things that I found later in the book So, the story is known to all:. Holly loses her husband and voluntarily locks himself within four walls, in order to live the memory of Jerry lost the sense of her life. And then she gets a box of his letters -. Marked months of instructions to resolve the impasse of life The book I liked its simple fact that the events described could happen to anybody. Any of us could be in place of holly and would have felt the same as she. Yes, it is a novel about love and romance that, even after losing most goavnoe in life, do not bury yourself alive . No matter what happens, life goes on, and it is not necessary to resist its course. Yes, do not forget, but that does not mean that you should live only loss. The world is beautiful, and the need to reopen it his soul We will write a custom essay sample on P.S. I Love You Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on P.S. I Love You Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on P.S. I Love You Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In my opinion, this book -. A great benefit to overcome depression and rethink their relationship to reality And it Holly changes his. life, doing something that before did not dare to take at least a career change. And, as it turned out, not in vain. Indeed, it is not necessary to be afraid, you need to try. Keep the past and enjoy the present PS:. Thanks to this trash as it is called, the book, I began to think, not whether to risk and I change something in my life, too, aims at the moon . Yes, the language is simple but it is a book about the life of ordinary people, who in their daily lives do not express themselves literary language classics. But precisely because of this language, this simple dialogue that can be heard in reality, the book seems sincere, real. Whether it has more psychology / philosophy, the analysis would be more slodny, ornate language, I would have taken it quite differently.

Intergenerational Versus Intra-Generational Equity Essays

Intergenerational Versus Intra-Generational Equity Essays Intergenerational Versus Intra-Generational Equity Paper Intergenerational Versus Intra-Generational Equity Paper Whilst the notions of intergenerational equity and intra-generational equity are not always completely incompatible, the assumption that they are necessarily mutually reinforcing is certainly misguided. The notions of equity as between noncontemporaries and contemporaries can quickly be distinguished. The former requires thought about levels of savings of natural and other assets over time. The latter is inherently connected to distributive politics between contemporaries. The notion of distributive justice between contemporaries is a highly contested area, of course, and presents a great potential constraint on the exercise of the principle of intergenerational equity. Those who mention the two notions within one breath underemphasise, in this author’s view, the deep-seated potential for conflict between them. If more than lip-service is to be paid to either principle, then they must be distinguished from one another. Legal academics and judges would do better to draw out the distinction between the two terms and consider both their competing and complementary requirements in any given case. It may be that judges are in some cases forced to delineate a hierarchy between the two competing considerations. Though preferable to decision-making that fails to confront the issue, such a decision would be a fraught task. One school of tresources away from the needy of the current hought would hold that the quest for intra-generational equity should never trump that of intergenerational equity. This type of approach sees intergenerational equity as anterior to intra-generational equity in the sense that unless certain aspects of the natural environment are preserved for future generations, there will be no patrimony to be distributed geographically within future generations. According to this view, there are certain environmental imperatives that must occur even at the expense of some members of the current generation. This is the type of view likely to be associated with deep ecology, but a parallel can be seen in some views of fiscal policy. By contrast, another school of thought holds striving for intergenerational equity through future-oriented redistribution is unjust to the extent that it moves resources away from the needy of the current generation. Drawing on Rawls’ notion of just savings, Frà ©dà ©ric Gaspart and Axel Gosseries note that transfers of generational (as opposed to purely private) savings to future generations might be regarded as unfair ‘toward the least well-off members of the current generation.’ They put it this way: â€Å"Imagine that a given generation anticipates that at the end of its existence a surplus is likely to be transferred to the next generation on top of the equivalent of what the current generation inherited to the previous one. If the constitution of such a surplus is likely, it should benefit the least well-off members of the current generation rather than the next generation as a whole.† It is worth noting that Gaspart and Gosseries do not see this approach as in any way inimical to impartiality between generations; they stress that this argument does not ‘presuppose any priority of intra-generational justice over intergenerational justice.’ It would, however, require intra-generational redistribution of savings as to occur before any intergenerational redistribution: any inequity within the current generation would have to be addressed before generational savings could be put away for future generations. More broadly, there seems to be a failure by those touting the notion of sustainable development to confront the dilemma posed by the (often) contradictory requirements posed by these two ethical aims. Perhaps Gaspart and Gosseries are correct on a theoretical level in suggesting that the attainment of intra-generational equity need not rule out intergenerational equity. However, in the concrete and more bounded situations likely to be heard by judges, in which only the parties before the court have standing in the matter at hand, and in which only the principle of intergenerational is to be applied, it seems likely that some decisions will have to set aside the geographical demands of equity in order to focus on the temporal. On a final note, while the two concepts roll quite glibly off the tongue together, after a moment’s consideration it seems somewhat odd that the notions of intergenerational and intra-generational equity terms should be associated in the first place. Common law (and other) legal systems are infused to their very core with the notions of equity and fairness between contemporaries. Intergenerational equity, however, offers something different – an attempt to facilitate a level of justice between members of different generations, and in doing so presents a potential key to the instigation of a longer term decision-making process. This is something that common law legal systems have not prioritised in the past (and understandably so: not only is the structure of the common law legal system poorly equipped for such an approach, but also achieving justice between contemporaries is hard enough in itself). However, the long-term nature of complex environmental problems creates the need for innovation within the legal system. The notion of intergenerational equity, while fraught with challenges, presents an opportunity for the law to take a new approach to justice over the long-term. The fact that Australian judges have taken a cumulative approach to assessing impacts upon future generations indicates an appreciation for the central temporal quality of the principle of intergenerational equity. Administrative Law as Environmental Governance The judgements in Gray, Taralga, and Walker are grounded in administrative law. More specifically, they each deal with administrative decisions concerning environmental impact assessment. They form part of a broader ascension of administrative law as a tool for environmental legal challenge in Australia. Bell and McGillivray note that ‘environmental law has not been developed as a self-contained discipline, but has simply borrowed concepts from other areas of law.’ When new types of environmental problem, such as climate change, arise, environmental solutions must take whatever form they can. The use of administrative law as a form of environmental redress has both advantages and limitations in the context of the principle of intergenerational equity. In addition to being a well-established area of law, administrative law has the advantage of offering preventative, rather than reactive, forms of redress. The temporal characteristics of environmental problems can present a particular challenge when it comes to finding an appropriate legal remedy. Environmental solutions conceived under the common law, such tort actions in nuisance or negligence, have traditionally been reactive rather than preventative. Moreover, with respect to climate change, the temporal disconnection between the causes of global warming (carbon dioxide emissions) and its negative effects (for example, extreme weather events) appears to contribute to the difficulty plaintiffs face in proving causation in negligence suits. By allowing parties to challenge administrative decisions affecting the environment that have failed to consider ESD principles, the administrative law approach facilitates the prevention, rather than the retrospective compensation for environmental harm. This helps to give proper effect to the notion of intergenerational equity, which requires that the interests of future generations be taken into account in decision-making. Administrative law also has a number of limitations as a means for facilitating the principle of intergenerational equity. Generally, judges conducting judicial review of an administrative decision are prevented from reviewing the decision on its merits. In such cases, judges must restrict themselves to determining the legality of the decision-making process, rather than the merits of the decision itself. The NSWLEC is distinctive in that it has a merits review jurisdiction in addition to its ordinary judicial review jurisdiction. In cases falling under its merits review jurisdiction, the NSWLEC is required to put itself in the shoes of the original administrative decision-maker and to make a new decision. As Biscoe J notes in Walker, most of the NSWLEC’s decision on ESD principles have occurred within the Court’s merits review jurisdiction. While this affords the Court an opportunity to discuss the constitution of ESD principles in depth, it is unclear to what extend decisions made under this special jurisdiction can be deemed to contribute to the development of jurisprudence. Jagot J notes in Drake-Brockman v Minister for Planning that ‘care must be taken in applying observations about the level or extent of issues found to be appropriate in merits appeals to other contexts.’ In that case, Jagot J refused to accept the Applicant’s argument that Gray stood for a general proposition an environmental impact assessment will be inadequate if it does not include a quantitative analysis of greenhouse gas emissions. Jagot J distinguished Gray on the grounds that, essentially, it was the process of decision-making that had been flawed in Gray, rather than the substance of the decision itself: what appeared to have been critical in Gray was the disjunction between what the Director-General required †¦ and what the Director-General accepted as adequate†¦ Gray does not stand for a general proposition that Pt 3A of the EPA Act requires any particular form of assessment of greenhouse gas emissions for each and every project to which that Part applies. The foregoing suggests one should be cautious about reading too much into the substance of decisions on ESD principles, particularly to the extent that decisions on substance coincide with decisions based on well-established principles of administrative law. By contrast, while merits review is generally overlooked as a source of legal reasoning, Elizabeth Fisher has demonstrated (in the context, particularly, of Australian specialist environmental tribunals) that merits review has more precedential value than is commonly recognised. Fisher argues that while merits review decisions are traditionally seen as lacking a ratio decidendi, ‘the reality is †¦ that in environmental and planning law practice and scholarship merits review decisions are treated as ratios for lawyers and primary decision-makers alike.’ She notes that merits review decisions are often included in volumes of law reports and cited by judges as legal authorities. This is true of all of the three cases examined most closely in this Chapter, notwithstanding Jagot J’s scepticism in Drake-Brockman v Minister for Planning.   While Fisher is sympathetic to Jagot J’s words of caution, and notes that there is great variation between tribunals as to what constitutes the process and impact of merits review, her work nonetheless demonstrates that the merits review decisions cannot be dismissed as extra-legal. Far from it, merits review decisions are helping to develop jurisprudence within environmental law. A separate but related point with respect to constructing a jurisprudence of intergenerational equity through administrative law is that there is a risk that the principle will come to be treated as a procedural step in development decisions rather than a principle of wide applicative scope. In Bentley v BGP Properties Pty Ltd, a case, once again, dealing with the requirements of an environmental impact assessment, Preston J stated that the requirement for prior environmental impact assessment and approval enables the present generation to meet its obligation of intergenerational equity by ensuring the health, diversity and productivity of the environment is maintained and enhanced for the benefit of future generations’. This view, if read as describing the exhaustive role of the principle of intergenerational equity, greatly diminishes the scope of the principle. A preferable view would be that prior environmental impact assessment is a necessary but insufficient requirement of the notion of intergenerational equity in the specific context of some planning decisions under the relevant legislation. Conclusion The interests of future generations are often at odds with those of the present, particularly in the context of the environment. Legislators, as elected representatives of current generations, have little incentive to make laws that protect the environmental well-being of future generations if those laws in any way restrict the way of life of their living constituency. Even where legislators do enact measures that risk current unpopularity for a future gain, their work may be repealed by a more populist successor; parliaments cannot bind their successors. On a more local scale, administrative decision-makers are often tempted by similarly short-term incentives. For these reasons, the principle of intergenerational equity is a hopeful addition to environmental law. Though thus far little-used, the principle aims to balance the interests of current and future generations in decision-making, in particular with respect to the environment. In Australian legislation, the definition of the principle of intergenerational equity is vague. Legislators have left the elucidation of the principle to the Courts. Academic interest in the principle has generally focused on its normative basis; this Chapter has sought to elucidate the practical implications of the principle by examining its appearance in Australian case law, where the jurisprudence on the principle is most developed. The practical impact of the principle of intergenerational equity is potentially far-reaching, and as such judges have been given a wide discretion with respect to the environmental interests of future generations. Given the failure of legislators to protect the environmental interests of future generations where they conflict with the current interests (usually economic) of current constituencies, the tempering potential for the principle of intergenerational equity is profound. Moreover, the tenured and independently appointed judiciary is structurally less beholden to short-term considerations than those in the legislature. An examination of three relevant cases reveals the formation of a nascent jurisprudence on intergenerational equity within Australia. As the first of its kind globally, the impact of this jurisprudence could influence case law beyond Australia. These cases, all occurring within the context of administrative decisions about planned developments, show that the principle intergenerational equity requires administrative decision-makers to do a number of things. First, decision-makers must consider the cumulative environmental impact of proposed decisions. This is significant in that it attempts to prevent the creeping accumulation of negative environmental impacts, however small individually. Second, it demonstrates the propensity of the judiciary to take a longer term view of environmental management. Third, the decision in Gray suggests that the principle of intergenerational equity requires more than the mere flagging of environmental issues in an impact assessment, instead it require s a thorough consideration of their impact within the relevant contextual setting. This suggests that judges are unwilling to allow the environmental impact assessment process to become a mere box-ticking exercise. The decision in Taralga moved beyond the environmental impact assessment context to that of energy production and is sweeping in its scope. In this context, the Court found that the principle not only demands that the process of production and use of energy occur in a manner which accounts for the requirements of future generations, but also requires new types of clean energy production to be substituted increasingly for old, emissions-intensive methods. The reach of this finding is potentially great – it seems likely that were it applied to prevent the construction of, for example, a new coal mine, it would spark a legislative reaction. Perhaps of more general applicability is the Court’s finding in this case that the long-term interests of a community may at times trump the narrow, immediate interests of the present. The jurisprudence on intergenerational equity is of course very limited. This article has aimed to sketch a preliminary picture of the principle to date, and to draw from it implications about the power of the principle to overcome the short-term focus of many environmental projects when left to the legislature. The feature that sets apart the principle of intergenerational equity from other pieces of environmental law is its focus on redressing the imbalance between current and future interests. The Australian legislation has left the development of the principle in the hands of judges, a (perhaps unintentionally) wise decision given the general inability of legislators to make current sacrifices in order to achieve long-term benefits. In the case of Taralga in particular, the NSWLEC has shown a willingness to genuinely balance narrow current interests with broader future ones, finding in favour of the future. As Preston CJ noted, ‘resolving this conundrum’ is ‘not easy’. Nonetheless, this finding in particular embodies the spirit of the principle of intergenerational equity and offers some hope that its influence may in time play a part in tipping the balance back toward the future. Next Page   VI. Investing in the Future Previous Page   Implications

What to Expect on College Move-In Day

What to Expect on College Move-In Day The excitement on a college campus during move-in day is palpable. New students are moving in, parents are trying to figure out how to help, and there are usually just enough student orientation leaders and staff members to create the perfect mixture of confusion and assistance. How can you keep yourself on track? Know the Schedule and Stick to It If youre moving into a campus residence hall room, you most likely have been assigned a very specific time for unloading your items. Make sure to stick with this schedule. Not only will things be easier for you during your time to unload, but they will also be easier for you for the rest of the day. Move-in day is usually crammed full of events, meetings, and to-dos, so sticking to your assigned move-in time is of high importance.  Every minute of your move-in day is scheduled for a reason: there is a lot to cover and all of it is important. Go to every event youre assigned to, be there on time, and take notes. Chances are your brain will be overloaded by the time the day is over and those notes will come in handy later. Expect to Be Separated from Your Parents At some point during move-in day, you actually will have to be separated from your parents. Often, however, this will happen before they officially leave campus. Your parents may have a special schedule to go to that has separate events from yours. Expect this to happen and, if need be, brace your parents for it. Try Not to Be Alone Its no secret that the plan for the day is to keep you from being alone. Why? Well, just imagine what move-in day would be like without all of those scheduled events. Students would be kind of  lost, unsure of where to go, and would probably end up just hanging out in their new rooms- not the best way to meet a lot of people and get to know the school. So, even if you think the event after dinner sounds totally lame, go. You may not want to go, but do you want to miss out on what everyone else is doing? Keep in mind that the first few days of orientation are often when a lot of students meet each other, so its critical to get out of your comfort zone and join the crowd- you dont want to miss out on this vital opportunity to start making new friends. Get to Know Your Roommate There may be a lot going on, but spending a little time getting to know your roommate- and setting up some ground rules- is also super important. You dont have to be besties with your roommate, but you should at least get to know each other a little bit on move-in day and during the rest of the orientation. Get  Some Sleep! Chances are, move-in day- and the rest of orientation- will be one of the busiest times of your college life, but that doesnt mean you shouldnt take care of yourself a little, too. True, you will probably be up super late talking with people, reading all the material you were given, and just enjoying yourself, but remember that its also important to get at least a little sleep so you can stay positive, healthy, and energetic over  the next few days. Know That Its OK to Feel Sad Youre in college now! Your parents have left, the day is over, and youre finally all settled down in your new bed. Some students feel overwhelmingly happy, some feel overwhelmingly sad and scared, and some students feel all of these things at the same time! Be patient with yourself and know that you are making a humongous life adjustment and that all of your emotions are totally normal. You worked hard to get where you are and, while it may be scary, it can still be fantastic at the same time. Congratulate yourself on a job well done, let yourself be sad when you need to, and get ready to start your new college life- after a good nights sleep, of course.

Business management - Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business management - Starbucks - Essay Example Information obtained from http://investor.starbucks.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=99518&p=irol-irhome, also posits to the effect that â€Å"Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees and sells them, along with fresh, rich-brewed coffees, Italian-style espresso beverages, cold blended beverages, a variety of complementary food items, a selection of premium teas, and beverage-related accessories and equipment, primarily through company-operated retail stores.† The company also sells coffee products and tea through other channels like licensed retail stores. According to information obtained from its official website, Starbucks was established in 1985 and its operations are mainly guided by its mission statement: â€Å"To inspire and nurture the human spirit—one person, one cup, and one neighbourhood at a time.† The company also strives to be the world’s leader in production of fine coffee. Its success as the world leader in the coffee industry can be attributed to the differentiation strategy it uses. This report will specifically focus on the United States Segment where the company has its own stores as well as licensed stores. Starbucks is very popular in the US and of notable concern is the fact that its operations are also shaped by trade practices as well as regulations such as North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).The economic forces in the US also shape the operations of the company. However, the US operating segment contributed 69% of total net revenues for the fiscal year 2011. 1.1 Task A: ANALYSIS OF STARBUCKS’ EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT This section of the report critically analyses Starbucks’ external environment. PESTEL analysis will be used to analyse the macro environment while Porter’s five forces model will be used to analyse the micro environment. This part of the paper will also identify the opportunities and threats that exist in the external market. 1.2 PESTEL Analysis There are vario us external factors that shape the operations of Starbucks and PESTEL is an acronym for political, economic, social, technological, environmental as well as legal factors impacting on the operations of the organisation and this too is going to be used to carry out the external environmental analysis. The table in index 1 shows the external factors that impact on the operations of the above mentioned company. Starbucks FY11 Annual Report (2011) shows that the company managed to raise the highest amount of revenue of $11, 7 billion from its operations. This is the highest amount of revenue to be generated by the company after the global economic recession that was witnessed in the US around 2007-2009. The success of the company can be attributed to the external factors that are obtaining in the environment where the company operates. As shown in appendix 1, political stability in the US plays a pivotal role in the success of the

How Fuel Costs Have Affected the Airline Industry Essay

How Fuel Costs Have Affected the Airline Industry - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to discuss all of this, as well as all characteristics and factors involved in the matter of how fuel costs have affected the airline industry. This is what will be dissertated in the following. The six most primary airlines in the United States have been ailing since 2001; four out of these six were in fact forced to file for bankruptcy in 2005. According to some analysts, the entire airline industry is on the brink of collapse altogether; the primary cause being that of ever-increasing fuel prices. "It's very bad right now, it's unsustainable," said Kevin Mitchell, Chairman of the Business Travel Coalition based in Pennsylvania. "It's as bad as it gets. If (oil) goes up another couple of dollars it's going to be more of a pain but it's going to be hardly distinguishable from the pain that the airlines are feeling right now." (Delaney, 2006). In fact, according to Mitchell, the American airline industry basically refused entirely even to recognize the shift in the marketplace five years ago. "They failed to understand that consumers were demanding everyday, low, affordable airfares. The carriers in Europe recognized that and began to take action in 2001 and 2002 to become competitive with low-cost carriers. The US carriers were stubborn throughout the whole time, thinking that as soon as the economy would rebound, so would business travelers willing to pay $2500 for coast to coast fares, and of course that never happened." (Delaney, 2006). In fact Northwest Airlines, the nation's fourth-largest airline which is based in Eagan, Minnesota, has made many headlines since the year unfolded. "It reported $450 million in losses the first quarter of 2005, it's stock prices are declining, it's fuel costs are rising, it asked its labor unions to freeze their current pension programs in lieu of new contribution plans, it is attempting to cut annual labor costs by $1.1 billion, and on July 1 the union representing its mechanics authorized a strike vote." (Oo, 2005). The current spike in oil prices is especially taking its toll; taking the airline industry into uncharted territory and raising many questions about the economic viability of many players in the industry. Increasing fuel prices have also had effects on global trade, which is one of the United States' most profitable resources. "No doubt increasing oil prices are likely to dampen global trade. Air cargo traffic is a leading indicator of any economic slowdown. The air cargo industry itself, in which fuel accounts for 20-30% of the operational cost, is poised to be the prime casualty of the new era of expensive oil," says a report entitled 'The Oil Crisis and its Impact on the Air Cargo Industry.' "Jet fuel prices have almost tripled in the past four years. As a result, the world's airlines spent over $100 billion on fuel in 2005, a 50% increase over 2004. At reasonable oil prices of $30-$40 a barrel, world air cargo traffic was projected triple over current traffic levels." (IAGS, 2006 ). Fuel expenses rank in as the number-one or number-two cost category in regards to the airline industry, and because of this, airlines have an enormous built-in financial incentive to reduce consumption;

Babbit Essay -- Essays Papers

Babbit The depressing tragedy known as Babbitt, by Lewis Sinclair, accurately portrays the convention of life in the 1920’s. Sinclair precisely evokes the conformity and orthodox life styles that shaped a growing culture. Man, in the 1920’s, is caught in a lifestyle where he is continually fed on what to think. Lewis cunningly explains the constraints of convention that plagued George Babbitt, and mocks society as a whole for its lack of liberal views. Babbitt throughout the novel seems to be trapped in a maze, and is told by â€Å"the machine† when to turn. Only when Babbitt revolts against conservative America does his life change, but the question is was it for the better? The economy is booming with success, and your wealth portrays ones position in society. George Babbitt is infatuated with having the latest â€Å"gadgets† and technology in his home, as is the rest of Middle-class America. Lewis portrays society as a group of self-centered people who must have the best of everything (sounds similar to our world today). Middle-class America is disturbingly the same to the last detail in the 1920’s. Life begins for Babbitt waking up to an unappreciative family, and a typical fake show of affection from his wife. Babbitt realizes his life is dull and mundane. Even the kiss from his wife is typical. Babbitt, like most men in the 1920’s, finds his home not as a haven but as a depressing reality of what his life has really become. Babbitt recognizes he is disgusted with his life, and that he doesn’t even love his wife. Only when Babbitt escapes his home does he find satisfaction. Babbitt is found in his community as a role mode l of every businessmen, even the mechanic at the gas station commends him for organization. Babbitt temporarily feels relief when freedom encompasses his life, but later in the novel Babbitt illustrates that even â€Å"business† is shaped by society. Just as business is shaped in Zenith, so are the women who live there. Women in the novel are accurately portrayed as they were in the 1920’s. Lewis presents two different scenarios in the novel, but both of these cases can follow the same mannerisms. First, Lewis depicts the loving housewife. Myra, Babbitt’s wife, continually comforts Babbitt throughout the whole novel. Myra even accepts the blame when Babbitt decides to cheat on her. Women are depicted throughout the novel as inferior when... ...e hand of social order is telling them this is â€Å"ok.† That is why liberal views in Zenith are so quickly extinguished. The superior class wants people to think that there always must be a lower class because that is the way God has planned it, which in retrospect sustains their rank as the higher class forever. It’s ironic that this idea is still relevant today. In conclusion, Babbitt’s revolt toward society had actually changed nothing. He went back to not loving his wife and continuing his job as a realtor. His popularity recovers from his era of revolt. Babbitt regains his place in the world by allowing society to influence his life. He stops fighting and this is the simple reason why his life is a tragedy. How does Babbitt analyze the successfulness of his life? He never took complete control and experienced freedom in any of his actions. He only valued the acceptance of others, rather than what was true to his heart. Babbitt life had no meaning, since he constantly let the constraints of society shape it. One must wonder if society in the 1920’s could have changed by reading this novel. This is not probable, considering that society is the same today as it was 80 years ago.

Once More

Read over something you've written with an eye for the devices you've used to connect the parts. Underline all the transitions, pointing terms, key terms, and repetition. Do you see any patterns? Do you rely on certain devices more than others? Are there any passages that are hard to follow-and if so, can you make them easier to ready by adding appropriate transitions or trying any of the other devices discussed In this chapter. Try revising your text to Include different ones. Pointing words help orient your reader and establish continuity wealth your writing.KEY POINTS use pointing words to help orient your readers. Plotting words point forward or backward to other sentences. Plotting words help to give your paragraphs continuity. Key terms a key term is a word that will be important on whatever subject you need to know, that involves a key term. You'll usually have to define a key term like in social studies a key term would be: Ideology so you would define it as: a set of beliefs and values. Key terms are Vocabulary that someone should know in order to understand the topic. Petition The writer is usually trying to express an emotion or a phrase. Just like in Robert Frost's poem â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† he repeats the last line â€Å"and miles to go before I sleep, and miles to go before I sleep† to stress the extent of his journey and his exhaustion. In â€Å"the charge of the light brigade† repetition was most likely used to honor the men who died. By repeatedly stressing the number of men who fought and died for what they believe in they stress that they will not be easily forgotten.

Quotes From Civil Rights Icon Rosa Parks

Rosa Parks was a  civil rights activist, social reformer, and racial justice advocate.  Her arrest for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus triggered the 1965-1966 Montgomery bus boycott and became a turning point of the civil rights movement. Early Life, Work, and Marriage Parks was born Rosa McCauley in Tuskegee, Alabama, on Feb. 4, 1913. Her father, a carpenter, was James McCauley; her mother, Leona Edward McCauley, was a schoolteacher.  Her parents separated when Rosa was 2, and she moved with her mother to Pine Level, Alabama.  She became involved in the African Methodist Episcopal Church from early childhood. Parks, who as a child worked in the fields, took care of her younger brother and cleaned classrooms for school tuition.  She attended the Montgomery Industrial School for Girls and then the Alabama State Teachers College for Negroes, finishing 11th grade there. She married Raymond Parks, a self-educated man, in 1932 and at his urging completed high school.  Raymond Parks was active in civil rights, raising money for the legal defense of the Scottsboro boys, a case in which nine African-American boys were accused of raping two white women.  Rosa Parks began attending meetings with her husband about the cause. She worked as a seamstress, office clerk, domestic, and nurses assistant. She was employed for a time as a secretary on a military base, where segregation wasnt permitted, but she rode to and from work on segregated buses. NAACP Activism She joined the Montgomery, Alabama, NAACP chapter in December 1943, quickly becoming secretary.  She interviewed people around Alabama about their experience of discrimination and worked with the NAACP on registering voters and desegregating transportation. She was key in organizing the Committee for Equal Justice for Recy Taylor, a young African-American woman who had been raped by six white men. In the late 1940s, Parks participated in discussions within civil rights activists about desegregating transportation. In 1953, a boycott in Baton Rouge succeeded in that cause, and the Supreme Courts decision in  Brown v. Board of Education  led to hopefulness for change. Montgomery Bus Boycott On Dec. 1, 1955, Parks was riding a bus home from her job and sat in an empty section between the rows reserved for white passengers at the front and colored passengers at the back.  The bus filled up, and she and three other black passengers were expected to relinquish their seats because a white man was left standing. She refused to move when the bus driver approached them, and he called police.  Parks was arrested for violating Alabamas segregation laws. The black community mobilized a boycott of the bus system, which lasted for 381 days and resulted in the end of segregation on Montgomerys buses. In June 1956, a judge ruled that bus transportation within a state couldnt be segregated. The U.S. Supreme Court later that year affirmed the ruling. The boycott brought national attention to the civil rights cause and to a young minister, the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. After the Boycott Parks and her husband lost their jobs for being involved in the boycott.  They moved to Detroit in August 1957 and continued their civil rights activism.  Rosa Parks went to the 1963 March on Washington, site of Kings I Have a Dream speech.  In 1964 she helped elect John Conyers of Michigan to Congress. She also marched from Selma to Montgomery in 1965. After Conyers election, Parks worked on his staff until 1988.  Raymond Parks died in 1977. In 1987, Parks founded a group to inspire and guide youth in social responsibility. She traveled and lectured often in the 1990s, reminding people of the history of the civil rights movement.  She came to be called the mother of the civil rights movement. She received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1996 and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1999. Death and Legacy Parks continued her commitment to civil rights until her death, willingly serving as a symbol of the civil rights struggle. She died of natural causes on Oct. 24, 2005, at her Detroit home. She was 92.   After her death, she was the subject of almost a full week of tributes, including being the first woman and second African-American who has lain in honor at the Capitol Rotunda in Washington, D.C. Selected Quotations I believe we are here on the planet Earth to live, grow up, and do what we can to make this world a better place for all people to enjoy freedom.I would like to be known as a person who is concerned about freedom and equality and justice and prosperity for all people.Im tired of being treated like a second-class citizen.People always say that I didnt give up my seat because I was tired, but that isnt true. I was not tired physically, or no more tired than I usually was at the end of a working day. I was not old, although some people have an image of me as being old then. I was 42. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in.I knew someone had to take the first step, and I made up my mind not to move.Our mistreatment was just not right, and I was tired of it.I didnt want to pay my fare and then go around the back door, because many times, even if you did that, you might not get on the bus at all. Theyd probably shut the door, drive off, and leave you standing there.At the time I was arrested I had no idea it would turn into this. It was just a day like any other day. The only thing that made it significant was that the masses of the people joined in.Each person must live their life as a model for others.I have learned over the years that when ones mind is made up, this diminishes fear; knowing what must be done does away with fear.You must never be fearful about what you are doing when it is right.From the time I was a child, I tried to protest against disrespectful treatment.Memories of our lives, of our works and our deeds will continue in others.God has always given me the strength to say what is right.Racism is still with us. But it is up to us to prepare our children for what they have to meet, and, hopefully, we shall overcome.I do the very best I can to look ​upon life with optimism and hope and looking forward to a better day, but I dont think there is anything such as complete happiness. It pains me that there is still a lot of Klan activity and racism. I think when you say youre happy, you have everything that you need and everything that you want, and nothing more to wish for. I havent reached that stage yet.